中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所

以三峡库区五桥河流域为例，将生态足迹理论与方法运用于小流域尺度的可持续发展研究中，采用问卷调查的数据获取方式，保守地估算了该区居民的生态足迹需求和生态足迹供给，并与其他国家（地区）作比较，分析了该区的资源利用效益。结果表明，五桥河流域人均生态足迹需求为1．0207hm^2·人^-1，而生态承载力仅为0．4652hm^2·人^-1，生态赤字达到-0．5555hm^2·人^-1；生态足迹需求及亏缺主要源于林地和草地类产品的消费；五桥河流域生态足迹赤字已经高于全球水平（-0．4hm^2·人^-1），资源利用效率仅为世界平均水平的12％，该区发展呈相对不可持续状态。

The " ecological footprint( EF) " method which made its debut just in recent years is a useful means for measuring the pressure imposed by human on natural ecology and determining regional susliiiriability as well. The EF theory, including its method and model,is briefly introduced. With Wuqiaohe Catchment as a case for study, the EF at the scale of a small catchment was calculated. The results show that the EF demand was 1.020 7 hm2 per capita in 2004 while the ecological carrying capacity was only 0.465 2 hm2 per capita,constituting an ecological deficit of 0. 555 5 hm2 per capita, of which forest and arable land accounts for more thun 50% . The deficit posed a threat to sustainability of the natural resource and environment in Wuqiaohe Catchment. Finally, Ihe advantages and the disadvantages of the EF theory are also discussed.